H. B. 2057
(By Delegate Doyle)
[Introduced January 14, 1998
; referred to the
Committee on Banking and Insurance then the Judiciary.]
A BILL to amend and reenact section twelve, article four, chapter
seventeen-d of the code of West Virginia, one thousand nine
hundred thirty-one, as amended; and to amend and reenact
section thirty-one, article six, chapter thirty-three of
said code, all relating to motor vehicle liability policies
and removing the family purpose doctrine provision.
Be it enacted by the Legislature of West Virginia:
That section twelve, article four, chapter seventeen-d of
the code of West Virginia, one thousand nine hundred thirty-one,
as amended, be amended and reenacted; and that section
thirty-one, article six, chapter thirty-three of said code be
amended and reenacted, all to read as follows:
CHAPTER 17D. MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY RESPONSIBILITY LAW.
ARTICLE 4. PROOF OF FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE FUTURE.
§17D-4-12. "Motor vehicle liability policy" defined; scope and
provisions of policy.
(a) A "motor vehicle liability policy" as said term is used
in this chapter means an "owner's policy" or an "operator's
policy" of liability insurance certified as provided in section
ten or section eleven of this article as proof of financial
responsibility, and issued, except as otherwise provided in
section eleven, by an insurance carrier duly authorized to
transact business in this state, to or for the benefit of the
person named therein as insured.
(b) Such owner's policy of liability insurance:
(1) Shall designate by explicit description or by
appropriate reference all vehicles with respect to which coverage
is thereby to be granted; and
(2) Shall insure the person named therein and any other
person, as insured, using any such vehicle or vehicles with the
express or implied permission of such named insured, against loss
from the liability imposed by law for damages arising out of the
ownership, operation, maintenance or use of such vehicle or
vehicles within the United States of America or the Dominion of
Canada, subject to limits exclusive of interest and costs, with respect to each such vehicle, as follows: Twenty thousand
dollars because of bodily injury to or death of one person in any
one accident and, subject to said limit for one person, forty
thousand dollars because of bodily injury to or death of two or
more persons in any one accident, and ten thousand dollars
because of injury to or destruction of property of others in any
one accident.
(c) Such operator's policy of liability insurance shall
insure the person named as insured therein against loss from the
liability imposed upon him by law for damages arising out of the
use by him of any motor vehicle not owned by him, within the same
territorial limits and subject to the same limits of liability as
are set forth above with respect to an owner's policy of
liability insurance.
(d) Such motor vehicle liability policy shall state the name
and address of the named insured, the coverage afforded by the
policy, the premium charged therefor, the policy period, and the
limits of liability, and shall contain an agreement or be
endorsed that insurance is provided thereunder in accordance with
the coverage defined in this chapter as respects bodily injury
and death or property damage, or both, and is subject to all the
provisions of this chapter.
(e) Such motor vehicle liability policy need not insure any
liability under any workers' compensation law nor any liability
on account of bodily injury to or death of an employee of the
insured while engaged in the employment, other than domestic, of
the insured, or while engaged in the operation, maintenance or
repair of any such vehicle nor any liability for damage to
property owned by, rented to, in charge of or transported by the
insured.
(f) Every motor vehicle liability policy shall be subject to
the following provisions which need not be contained therein:
(1) The liability of the insurance carrier with respect to
the insurance required by this chapter shall become absolute
whenever injury or damage covered by said motor vehicle liability
policy occurs; said policy may not be canceled or annulled as to
such liability by an agreement between the insurance carrier and
the insured after the occurrence of the injury or damage; no
statement made by the insured or on his behalf and no violation
of said policy shall defeat or void said policy.
(2) The satisfaction by the insured of a judgment for such
injury or damage shall not be a condition precedent to the right
or duty of the insurance carrier to make payment on account of
such injury or damage.
(3) The insurance carrier shall have the right to settle any
claim covered by the policy, and if such settlement is made in
good faith, the amount thereof shall be deductible from the
limits of liability specified in subdivision (2), subsection (b)
of this section.
(4) The policy, the written application therefor, if any,
and any rider or endorsement which does not conflict with the
provisions of this chapter shall constitute the entire contract
between parties.
(g) Any policy which grants the coverage required for a
motor vehicle liability policy may also grant any lawful coverage
in excess of or in addition to the coverage specified for a motor
vehicle liability policy and such excess or additional coverage
shall not be subject to the provisions of this chapter. With
respect to a policy which grants such excess or additional
coverage, the term "motor vehicle liability policy" applies only
to that part of the coverage which is required by this section.
(h) Any motor vehicle liability policy may provide that the
insured shall reimburse the insurance carrier for any payment the
insurance carrier would not have been obligated to make under the
terms of the policy except for the provisions of this chapter.
(i) Any motor vehicle liability policy may provide for the prorating of the insurance thereunder with other valid and
collectible insurance.
(j) The requirements for a motor vehicle liability policy
may be fulfilled by the policies of one or more insurance
carriers which policies together meet such requirements.
(k) Any binder issued pending the issuance of a motor
vehicle policy shall be deemed to fulfill the requirements for
such a policy.
CHAPTER 33. INSURANCE.
ARTICLE 6. THE INSURANCE POLICY.
§33-6-31. Motor vehicle policy; omnibus clause; uninsured and
underinsured motorists' coverage; conditions for recovery under endorsement; rights and liabilities of insurer.
(a) No policy or contract of bodily injury liability
insurance, or of property damage liability insurance, covering
liability arising from the ownership, maintenance or use of any
motor vehicle, shall be issued or delivered in this state to the
owner of such vehicle, or shall be issued or delivered by any
insurer licensed in this state upon any motor vehicle for which
a certificate of title has been issued by the division of motor
vehicles of this state, unless it shall contain a provision insuring the named insured, and any other person except a bailee
for hire and any persons specifically excluded by any restrictive
endorsement attached to the policy, responsible for the use of or
using the motor vehicle with the consent, expressed or implied,
of the named insured or his spouse against liability for death or
bodily injury sustained or loss or damage occasioned within the
coverage of the policy or contract as a result of negligence in
the operation or use of such vehicle by the named insured: or by
such person Provided, That in any such automobile liability
insurance policy or contract, or endorsement thereto, if coverage
resulting from the use of a nonowned automobile is conditioned
upon the consent of the owner of such motor vehicle, the word
"owner" shall be construed to include the custodian of such
nonowned motor vehicles. Notwithstanding any other provision of
this code, if the owner of a policy receives a notice of
cancellation pursuant to article six-a of this chapter and the
reason for the cancellation is a violation of law by a person
insured under the policy, said owner may by restrictive
endorsement specifically exclude the person who violated the law
and the restrictive endorsement shall be effective in regard to
the total liability coverage provided under the policy, including
coverage provided pursuant to the mandatory liability requirements of section two, article four, chapter seventeen-d of
this code. but nothing in such restrictive endorsement shall be
construed to abrogate the "family purpose doctrine"
(b) Nor shall any such policy or contract be so issued or
delivered unless it shall contain an endorsement or provisions
undertaking to pay the insured all sums which he or she shall be
legally entitled to recover as damages from the owner or operator
of an uninsured motor vehicle, within limits which shall be no
less than the requirements of section two, article four, chapter
seventeen-d of this code, as amended from time to time:
Provided, That such policy or contract shall provide an option to
the insured with appropriately adjusted premiums to pay the
insured all sums which he or she shall be legally entitled to
recover as damages from the owner or operator of an uninsured
motor vehicle up to an amount of one hundred thousand dollars
because of bodily injury to or death of one person in any one
accident and, subject to said limit for one person, in the amount
of three hundred thousand dollars because of bodily injury to or
death of two or more persons in any one accident and in the
amount of fifty thousand dollars because of injury to or
destruction of property of others in any one accident: Provided,
however, That such endorsement or provisions may exclude the first three hundred dollars of property damage resulting from the
negligence of an uninsured motorist: Provided further, That such
policy or contract shall provide an option to the insured with
appropriately adjusted premiums to pay the insured all sums which
he or she shall legally be entitled to recover as damages from
the owner or operator of an uninsured or underinsured motor
vehicle up to an amount not less than limits of bodily injury
liability insurance and property damage liability insurance
purchased by the insured without setoff against the insured's
policy or any other policy. Regardless of whether motor vehicle
coverage is offered and provided to an insured through a multiple
vehicle insurance policy or contract, or in separate single
vehicle insurance policies or contracts, no insurer or insurance
company providing a bargained for discount for multiple motor
vehicles with respect to underinsured motor vehicle coverage
shall be treated differently from any other insurer or insurance
company utilizing a single insurance policy or contract for
multiple covered vehicles for purposes of determining the total
amount of coverage available to an insured. "Underinsured motor
vehicle" means a motor vehicle with respect to the ownership,
operation, or use of which there is liability insurance
applicable at the time of the accident, but the limits of that insurance are either: (i) Less than limits the insured carried
for underinsured motorists' coverage; or (ii) has been reduced by
payments to others injured in the accident to limits less than
limits the insured carried for underinsured motorists' coverage.
No sums payable as a result of underinsured motorists' coverage
shall be reduced by payments made under the insured's policy or
any other policy.
(c) As used in this section, the term "bodily injury" shall
include death resulting therefrom and the term "named insured"
shall mean the person named as such in the declarations of the
policy or contract and shall also include such person's spouse if
a resident of the same household and the term "insured" shall
mean the named insured and, while resident of the same household,
the spouse of any such named insured and relatives of either,
while in a motor vehicle or otherwise, and any person, except a
bailee for hire, who uses, with the consent, expressed or
implied, of the named insured, the motor vehicle to which the
policy applies or the personal representative of any of the above
the named insured; and the term "uninsured motor vehicle" shall
mean a motor vehicle as to which there is no: (i) Bodily injury
liability insurance and property damage liability insurance both
in the amounts specified by section two, article four, chapter seventeen-d of this code, as amended from time to time; or (ii)
there is such insurance, but the insurance company writing the
same denies coverage thereunder; or (iii) there is no certificate
of self-insurance issued in accordance with the provisions of
said section. A motor vehicle shall be deemed to be uninsured if
the owner or operator thereof be unknown: Provided, That
recovery under the endorsement or provisions shall be subject to
the conditions hereinafter set forth.
(d) Any insured intending to rely on the coverage required
by subsection (b) of this section shall, if any action be
instituted against the owner or operator of an uninsured or
underinsured motor vehicle, cause a copy of the summons and a
copy of the complaint to be served upon the insurance company
issuing the policy, in the manner prescribed by law, as though
such insurance company were a named party defendant; such company
shall thereafter have the right to file pleadings and to take
other action allowable by law in the name of the owner, or
operator, or both, of the uninsured or underinsured motor vehicle
or in its own name.
Nothing in this subsection shall prevent such owner or
operator from employing counsel of his or her own choice and
taking any action in his or her own interest in connection with such proceeding.
(e) If the owner or operator of any motor vehicle which
causes bodily injury or property damage to the insured be
unknown, the insured, or someone in his or her behalf, in order
for the insured to recover under the uninsured motorist
endorsement or provision, shall:
(i) Within twenty-four hours after the insured discover, and
being physically able to report the occurrence of such accident,
the insured, or someone in his or her behalf, shall report the
accident to a police, peace or judicial officer, or to the
commissioner of motor vehicles, unless the accident shall already
have been investigated by a police officer;
(ii) Notify the insurance company, within sixty days after
such accident, that the insured or his or her legal
representative has a cause or causes of action arising out of
such accident for damages against a person or persons whose
identity is unknown and setting forth the facts in support
thereof; and, upon written request of the insurance company
communicated to the insured not later than five days after
receipt of such statement, shall make available for inspection
the motor vehicle which the insured was occupying at the time of
the accident; and
(iii) Upon trial establish that the motor vehicle, which
caused the bodily injury or property damage, whose operator is
unknown, was a "hit and run" motor vehicle, meaning a motor
vehicle which causes damage to the property of the insured
arising out of physical contact of such motor vehicle therewith,
or which causes bodily injury to the insured arising out of
physical contact of such motor vehicle with the insured or with
a motor vehicle which the insured was occupying at the time of
the accident. If the owner or operator of any motor vehicle
causing bodily injury or property damage be unknown, an action
may be instituted against the unknown defendant as "John Doe," in
the county in which the accident took place or in any other
county in which such action would be proper under the provisions
of article one, chapter fifty-six of this code; service of
process may be made by delivery of a copy of the complaint and
summons or other pleadings to the clerk of the court in which the
action is brought, and service upon the insurance company issuing
the policy shall be made as prescribed by law as though such
insurance company were a party defendant. The insurance company
shall have the right to file pleadings and take other action
allowable by law in the name of John Doe.
(f) An insurer paying a claim under the endorsement or provisions required by subsection (b) of this section shall be
subrogated to the rights of the insured to whom such claim was
paid against the person causing such injury, death or damage to
the extent that payment was made. The bringing of an action
against the unknown owner or operator as John Doe or the
conclusion of such an action shall not constitute a bar to the
insured, if the identity of the owner or operator who caused the
injury or damages complained of, becomes known, from bringing an
action against the owner or operator theretofore proceeded
against as John Doe. Any recovery against such owner or operator
shall be paid to the insurance company to the extent that such
insurance company shall have paid the insured in the action
brought against such owner or operator as John Doe, except that
such insurance company shall pay its proportionate part of any
reasonable costs and expenses incurred in connection therewith,
including reasonable attorney's fees. Nothing in an endorsement
or provision made under this subsection, nor any other provision
of law, shall operate to prevent the joining, in an action
against John Doe, of the owner or operator of the motor vehicle
causing injury as a party defendant, and such joinder is hereby
specifically authorized.
(g) No such endorsement or provisions shall contain any provision requiring arbitration of any claim arising under any
such endorsement or provision, nor may anything be required of
the insured except the establishment of legal liability, nor
shall the insured be restricted or prevented in any manner from
employing legal counsel or instituting legal proceedings.
(h) The provisions of subsections (a) and (b) of this
section shall not apply to any policy of insurance to the extent
that it covers the liability of an employer to his or her
employees under any workers' compensation law.
(i) The commissioner of insurance shall formulate and
require the use of standard policy provisions for the insurance
required by this section, but use of such standard policy
provisions may be waived by the commissioner in the circumstances
set forth in section ten of this article.
(j) A motor vehicle shall be deemed to be uninsured within
the meaning of this section, if there has been a valid bodily
injury or property damage liability policy issued upon such
vehicle, but which policy is uncollectible, in whole or in part,
by reason of the insurance company issuing such policy upon such
vehicle being insolvent or having been placed in receivership.
The right of subrogation granted insurers under the provisions of
subsection (f) of this section shall not apply as against any person or persons who is or becomes an uninsured motorist for the
reasons set forth in this subsection.
(k) Nothing contained herein shall prevent any insurer from
also offering benefits and limits other than those prescribed
herein, nor shall this section be construed as preventing any
insurer from incorporating in such terms, conditions and
exclusions as may be consistent with the premium charged.
(l) The insurance commissioner shall review on an annual
basis the rate structure for uninsured and underinsured
motorists' coverage as set forth in subsection (b) of this
section and shall report to the Legislature on said rate
structure on or before the fifteenth day of January, one thousand
nine hundred eighty-three, and on or before the fifteenth day of
January of each of the next two succeeding years.
NOTE: The purpose of this bill is to eliminate the family
purpose doctrine.
Strike-throughs indicate language that would be stricken
from the present law, and underscoring indicates new language
that would be added.